Web Services
Koha provides a number of APIs allowing access to it’s data and functions.
OAI-PMH
Per il Protocollo OAI-PMH (Open Archives Initiative-Protocol for Metadata Harvesting) ci sono due gruppi di “partecipanti”: fornitori di dati e fornitori di servizi. I fornitori di dati (archivi aperti, repositori) danno libero accesso ai metadati, e possono offrire a loro discrezione accesso libero al full-text o ad altre risorse. OAI-PMH offre una soluzione semplice ai fornitori di dati. I fornitori di servizi usano le interfacce OAI dei fornitori di dati per raccogliere e conservare metadati. Questo implica che non saranno effettuate ricerche dall’utenza verso i fornitori di dati; se mai, i servizi sono basati sui dati raccolti via OAI-PMH.
Koha attualmente può avere solo il ruolo di fornitori di dati (Data Provider). Non può raccogliere da altri repositori. Il problema principale per far sì che Koha raccolga metadati da altri fornitori di dati è costituito dal fatto che il MARC è l’unico format di metadati che Koha indicizza in modo nativo. Visitare http://www.oaforum.org/tutorial/english/page3.htm per studiare come funziona il protocollo OAI-PMH.
By default Koha won’t include item information in OAI-PMH result sets, but they can be added by using the include_items option in the a configuration file linked from OAI-PMH:ConfFile.
Approfondisci il protocollo OAI-PMH su http://www.openarchives.org/pmh/
Per attivare l’OAI-PMH in Koha modifica la prefrerenza di sistema OAI-PMH. Una volta abilitato puoi andare al link http://TUOCATALOGO/cgi-bin/koha/oai.pl per testare il sistema.
Esempio di configurazione OAI
format:
vs:
metadataPrefix: vs
metadataNamespace: http://veryspecial.tamil.fr/vs/format-pivot/1.1/vs
schema: http://veryspecial.tamil.fr/vs/format-pivot/1.1/vs.xsd
xsl_file: /usr/local/koha/xslt/vs.xsl
marcxml:
metadataPrefix: marxml
metadataNamespace: http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim
schema: http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd
include_items: 1
oai_dc:
metadataPrefix: oai_dc
metadataNamespace: http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/
schema: http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd
xsl_file: /usr/local/koha/koha-tmpl/intranet-tmpl/xslt/UNIMARCslim2OAIDC.xsl
SRU server
Koha implementa il protocollo Search/Retrieve via URL (SRU). Altre informazioni sul protocollo SRU si trovano a http://www.loc.gov/standards/sru/. Koha implementa la versione 1.1 di SRU.
Explain
If you want to have information about the implementation of SRU on a given server, you should have access to the Explain file using a request to the server without any parameter. Like http://myserver.com:9999/biblios/. The response from the server is an XML file that should look like the following and will give you information about the default settings of the SRU server.
<zs:explainResponse>
<zs:version>1.1</zs:version>
<zs:record>
<zs:recordSchema>http://explain.z3950.org/dtd/2.0/</zs:recordSchema>
<zs:recordPacking>xml</zs:recordPacking>
<zs:recordData>
<explain xml:base="zebradb/explain-biblios.xml">
<!--
try stylesheet url: http://./?stylesheet=docpath/sru2.xsl
-->
<serverInfo protocol="SRW/SRU/Z39.50">
<host>biblibre</host>
<port>9999</port>
<database>biblios</database>
</serverInfo>
<databaseInfo>
<title lang="en" primary="true">Koha 3 Bibliographic SRU/SRW/Z39.50 server</title>
<description lang="en" primary="true">Koha 3 Bibliographic Server</description>
<links>
<sru>http://biblibre:9999</sru>
</links>
</databaseInfo>
<indexInfo>
<set name="cql" identifier="info:srw/cql-context-set/1/cql-v1.1">
<title>CQL Standard Set</title>
</set>
<index search="true" scan="true" sort="false">
<title lang="en">CQL Server Choice</title>
<map>
<name set="cql">serverChoice</name>
</map>
<map>
<attr type="1" set="bib1">text</attr>
</map>
</index>
<index search="true" scan="true" sort="false">
<title lang="en">CQL All</title>
<map>
<name set="cql">all</name>
</map>
<map>
<attr type="1" set="bib1">text</attr>
</map>
</index>
<!-- Record ID index -->
<index search="true" scan="true" sort="false">
<title lang="en">Record ID</title>
<map>
<name set="rec">id</name>
</map>
<map>
<attr type="1" set="bib1">rec:id</attr>
<attr type="4" set="bib1">3</attr>
</map>
</index>
Cerca
Questo url : http://myserver.com:9999/biblios?version=1.1&operation=searchRetrieve&query=reefs è composto dai seguenti elementi:
base url del server SRU: http://myserver.com:9999/biblios?
la parte di ricerca con 3 parametri obbligatori: version, operation e query. I parametri della parte di ricerca devono avere la forma chiave=valore, e possono essere combinati con il carattere &.
Si possono aggiungere altri parametri alla query, per esempio maximumRecords indica il massimo numero di record da ricevere in risposta dal server. Per cui http://myserver.com:9999/biblios?version=1.1&operation=searchRetrieve&query=reefs&maximumRecords=5 restituirà i primi 5 record trovati.
http://www.loc.gov/standards/sru/sru1-1archive/search-retrieve-operation.html offre altri dettagli sui comandi di ricerca e in particolare sulla lista di parametri opzionali.
La chiave «operation» può avere due valori: scan o searchRetrieve.
Se operation=searchRetrieve, allora la chiave di ricerca deve essere query. Esempio: operation=searchRetrieve&query=reefs
Se operation=scan, allora la chiave di ricerca deve essere scanClause. Esempio : operation=scan&scanClause=reefs
etc/zebradb/biblios/etc/bib1.att definisce gli indici Zebra/3950 che esistono nel tuo sistema. Per esempio vedrai che ci sono gli indici per Soggetti e Titoli: att 21 Subject e att 4 Title rispettivamente.
Nel file etc/zebradb/pqf.properties si vede che un access point usa già l’indice Subject (index.dc.subject = 1=21) mentre un altro usa l’indice Title (index.dc.title = 1=4) So che questo è il mio indice Subject perché come si vede nel file bib1.att, è richiamato con =1=21 in Z3950: così index.dc.subject = 1=21 punta all’indice Subject. E Title è richiamato con 1=4 così index.dc.title = 1=4 punta all’indice Title.Posso così costruire una query come nella casella di ricerca, semplicemente facendola precedere dalla chiave «query»: query=Subject=reefs and Title=coral cerca «reefs» tra i soggetti e «coral» tra i titoli. L’url completo sarà http://myserver.com:9999/biblios?version=1.1&operation=searchRetrieve&query=Subject=reefs and Title=coral Se voglio limitare i risultati a 5 records, l’url sarà http://myserver.com:9999/biblios?version=1.1&operation=searchRetrieve&query=Subject=reefs and Title=coral&maximumRecords=5
Si possono fare prove con troncamenti, relazioni, ecc. Sono definiti anch’essi in pqf.properties. Per esempio le proprietà position sono definite come:
position.first = 3=1 6=1
# "first in field"
position.any = 3=3 6=1
# "any position in field"
Se per esempio cerco «coral» all’inizio di un titolo, la query sarà : http://myserver.com:9999/biblios?version=1.1&operation=searchRetrieve&query=Title=coral first
Retrieve
La ricerca http://univ_lyon3.biblibre.com:9999/biblios?version=1.1&operation=searchRetrieve&query=coral reefs&maximumRecords=1 restituisce un solo record. La risposta è del tipo:
<zs:searchRetrieveResponse>
<zs:version>1.1</zs:version>
<zs:numberOfRecords>1</zs:numberOfRecords>
<zs:records>
<zs:record>
<zs:recordPacking>xml</zs:recordPacking>
<zs:recordData>
<record xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/ standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd">
<leader> cam a22 4500</leader>
<datafield tag="010" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="a">2-603-01193-6</subfield>
<subfield code="b">rel.</subfield>
<subfield code="d">159 F</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="a">FR</subfield>
<subfield code="b">00065351</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="101" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
<subfield code="c">ita</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="105" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="a">a z 00|y|</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="106" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="a">r</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="100" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="a">20091130 frey50 </subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="200" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
<subfield code="a">Guide des récifs coralliens / A Guide to Coral Reefs</subfield>
<subfield code="b">Texte imprimé</subfield>
<subfield code="e">la faune sous-marine des coraux</subfield>
<subfield code="f">A. et A. Ferrari</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="210" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="a">Lausanne</subfield>
<subfield code="a">Paris</subfield>
<subfield code="c">Delachaux et Niestlé</subfield>
<subfield code="d">cop. 2000</subfield>
<subfield code="e">impr. en Espagne</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="215" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="a">287 p.</subfield>
<subfield code="c">ill. en coul., couv. ill. en coul.</subfield>
<subfield code="d">20 cm</subfield>
</datafield>
......
<idzebra>
<size>4725</size>
<localnumber>2</localnumber>
<filename>/tmp/nw10BJv9Pk/upd_biblio/exported_records</filename>
</idzebra>
</record>
</zs:recordData>
<zs:recordPosition>1</zs:recordPosition>
</zs:record>
</zs:records>
</zs:searchRetrieveResponse>
ILS-DI
As of writing, the self documenting ILS-DI is the most complete interface and after it has been enabled as described in the ILS-DI system preferences section the documentation should be available at https://YOURKOHACATALOG/cgi-bin/koha/ilsdi.pl
JSON reports services
Koha implements a JSON reports service for every report saved using the Guided Reports Wizard or Report from SQL features.
By default reports will be non-public and only accessible by authenticated users. If a report is explicitly set to public it will be accessible without authentication by anyone. This feature should only be used when the data can be shared safely not containing any patron information.
The reports can be accessed using the following URLs:
Public reports
OpacBaseURL/cgi-bin/koha/svc/report?id=REPORTID
Non-public reports
StaffBaseURL/cgi-bin/koha/svc/report?id=REPORTID
There are also some additional parameters available:
Instead of accessing the report by REPORTID you can also use the report’s name:
…/cgi-bin/koha/svc/report?name=REPORTNAME
For easier development there is also an option to generate an annotated output of the data. It will generate an array of hashes that include the field names as keys.
…/cgi-bin/koha/svc/report?name=REPORTNAME&annotated=1
Versioned RESTful API Effort
There is an ongoing effort to converge the APIs above into a single versioned set of modern RESTful endpoints documented using the OpenAPI standard and available by default under https://YOURKOHACATALOG/api/v1/
OAuth2 client credentials grant
Koha supports the OAuth2 client credentials grant as a means to secure the API for using it from other systems to adhere to current industry standards. More information on the OAuth2 client credentials grant standard can be found here.
API key management interface for patrons
In order for API keys to be create for patrons, the system preference RESTOAuth2ClientCredentials must be enabled for the option to appear in a patron record.
Navigate to a patron record and select More > Manage API keys
If no API keys exist for a patron there will be a message prompting to generate a client id/secret pair
Enter a description for the client id/secret pair and click Save
Koha will generate a client id/secret pair for use to connect to Koha from other third-party systems as an authenticated client
Clicking the Revoke button next to an API credential pair will render the specific credential pair inactive until reactivated
Barcode image generator
Koha provides a barcode image generator on both the staff interface and the public interface. Both require a user to be logged in to use the service, to prevent abuse by third parties.
- For example::
/cgi-bin/koha/svc/barcode?barcode=123456789&type=UPCE
The URL above will generate a barcode image for the barcode «123456789», using the UPCE barcode format.
The available barcode types are: * Code39 * UPCE * UPCA * QRcode * NW7 * Matrix2of5 * ITF * Industrial2of5 * IATA2of5 * EAN8 * EAN13 * COOP2of5
If no type is specified, Code39 will be used.
By default, the barcode image will contain the text of the barcode as well. If this is not desired, the parameter «notext» may be passed to supress this behavior.
For example:
/cgi-bin/koha/svc/barcode?barcode=123456789¬ext=1
will generate a barcode image 123456789 without the text «123456789» below it.
This service can be used to embed barcode images into slips and notices printed from the browser, and to embed a patron cardnumber into the OPAC, among other possibilities.