搜尋
Basic searching
The search box that library staff will see most often is the persistent search box at the top of the page in the staff interface.
備註
If the IntranetAddMastheadLibraryPulldown system preference is set to 『Add』, the basic search box in the staff interface will include a choice of library.
In the OPAC, library patrons will see a search box at the top of most pages.
備註
If the OpacAddMastheadLibraryPulldown system preference is set to 『Add』, the basic search box in the OPAC will include a choice of library and library group.
To search, enter a word or multiple words in the search box. When no search index is specified, a keyword search is performed.
備註
You can verify this by typing one word into the form and note the number of results. Then, repeat the search with a minor change: in front of the search word, type 『kw=』 followed by the same search term. The results will be identical.
When you have more than one word in the search box, Koha will still do a keyword search, but with the Boolean operator 『AND』. This will narrow your search to only records matching all the words.
When searching, select the major terms of what you are looking for and enter them into the persistent search box.
Koha will perform the search and return the results.
The order of the words does not affect the retrieval results.
Too many words in the search box will find very few matches.
Advanced searching
Advanced search can help when the basic search returns too many results.
Get there: Search or Advanced search
The advanced search form offers many ways to limit the results of your search. You can search using the Boolean operators AND, OR, and NOT; limit by item type; limit by year and language; limit by subtypes audience, content, format, or additional content types; by location and by availability.
You can use as many sections as you need, none are mandatory, as long as there is at least one search term or one limit selected.
Search terms
In the first section in the advanced search form provides several search boxes to search different indexes at the same time.
If the expandedSearchOption system preference is set to 『show』, options to choose Boolean operators will be automatically displayed. If the preference is set to 『don’t show』, clicking 『More options』 will make those options appear.
In this section you can choose among the many indexes in the drop down menus. The text box that follows is where you enter your first search term or terms. On the second line, you can choose the Boolean operator you want to use in your search. The options are 『and』, 『or』, and 『not』. Then, you would again choose the index to search, followed by the second term or terms. If you have more concepts you want to include in your search, you can click the [+] to add another line for your search.
For example, this is a search for records where the author is Twain and the title contains either 『Huckleberry Finn』 or 『Tom Sawyer』.
Boolean operators broaden or narrow searches.
AND: narrows results because the search will retrieve the records that include all the search terms.
OR: expands the results because the search will look for occurrences of all the search terms, whether they are in the same record or not.
NOT: excludes records that contain the search term.
The indexes available in the advanced search form are the following (see more about indexes and which MARC fields are indexed in each in the Koha search indexes section below):
Index option |
Index searched |
Search type |
|---|---|---|
Keyword |
all |
keyword |
Keyword as phrase |
all |
exact phrase |
著者 |
author |
keyword |
Author as phrase |
author |
exact phrase |
Corporate name |
corporate-name |
keyword |
Conference name |
conference-name |
keyword |
Corporate name as phrase |
corporate-name |
exact phrase |
Conference name as phrase |
conference-name |
exact phrase |
Personal name |
personal-name |
keyword |
Personal name as phrase |
personal-name |
exact phrase |
題名 |
title |
keyword |
Title as phrase |
title |
exact phrase |
Series title |
title-series |
keyword |
主題 |
subject |
keyword |
Subject as phrase |
subject |
exact phrase |
Barcode |
barcode |
keyword |
Shelving location |
location (see note) |
keyword |
Standard number |
identifier-standard |
number |
ISBN |
isbn |
isbn |
ISSN |
issn |
number |
Call number |
local-classification |
keyword |
語言 |
ln |
keyword |
Notes/Comments |
note |
keyword |
Curriculum |
curriculum |
keyword |
出版者 |
publisher |
keyword |
Publisher location |
pl |
keyword |
Publication date |
date-of-publication |
date |
Acquisition date |
date-of-acquisition |
date |
備註
If using LOC authorized values in the item location field, the location indexed is the authorized value code.
Item types, locations and collections limits
Under the search boxes, there are tabs that allows you to limit your search by item type, shelving location or collection.
The tabs shown here, as well as their order are controlled by the AdvancedSearchTypes system preference (or OpacAdvancedSearchTypes for the advanced search form in the OPAC).
備註
In the OPAC, this section can be hidden with the OpacAdvSearchMoreOptions or the OpacAdvSearchOptions system preferences (uncheck the 『Item types』 option).
It is not possible to hide it in the staff interface.
It is possible, when searching, to check multiple options in multiple tabs. In that case, options from the same tab are searched with the OR operator and the options for different tabs are searched with the AND operator. For example, if a user checks the 『Books』 and 『Reference』 item types as well as the 『Children’s area』 and 『General stacks』 shelving locations, the options will be linked like this: (Books OR Reference) AND (Children’s area OR General stacks).
For each tab, the following indexes are searched (see more about indexes and which MARC fields are indexed in each in the Koha search indexes section below):
Tab |
Index searched |
|---|---|
Item type |
itype |
Shelving location |
位置 |
Collection |
ccode |
Date and language limits
The next section only appears if you click 『More option』 or if the expandedSearchOption system preference is set to 『show』. It allows you to limit your search based on publication date or language.
備註
In the OPAC, this section can be hidden with the OpacAdvSearchMoreOptions or the OpacAdvSearchOptions system preferences (uncheck the 『Publication date』 or the 『Language』 option).
It is not possible to hide it in the staff interface.
The 『Year』 limit allows you to search for titles published in a specific year as well as a range of years.
『2005』 will search for titles published in 2005
『2005-2010』 will search for titles published between 2005 and 2010 (including 2005 and 2010)
『-2010』 will search for titles published in 2010 and before
『<2010』 will search for titles published before 2010 (excluding 2010)
『2005-』 will search for titles published in 2005 and after
『>2005』 will search for titles published after 2005 (excluding 2005)
The 『Language』 and 『Language of original』 limits allow you to search for titles in specific languages or translated from specific languages.
備註
By default, the languages drop-down menus are populated by all languages. It is possible to limit the list with the AdvancedSearchLanguages system preference.
For each search field, the following indexes are searched (see more about indexes and which MARC fields are indexed in each in the Koha search indexes section below):
Search field |
Index searched |
|---|---|
Year |
date-of-publication |
語言 |
ln |
Language of original |
原文 |
Subtype limits
The next section allows you to limit your search with coded values.
備註
In the OPAC, this section can be hidden with the OpacAdvSearchMoreOptions or the OpacAdvSearchOptions system preferences (uncheck the 『Subtypes』 option).
It is not possible to hide it in the staff interface.
The 『Audience』 drop down menu can be used to limit the results to a specific target audience.
Preschool
Primary
Pre-adolescent
Adolescent
Adult
Specialized
General
Juvenile
The 『Content』 drop down menu can be used to limit the results to a specific type of content.
Fiction
Non-fiction
Biography
Musical recording
Non-musical recording
The 『Format』 drop down menu can be used to limit the results to a specific type of format.
Regular print
Large print
Braille
CD audio
Cassette recording
VHS tape / Videocassette
DVD video / Videodisc
CD software
Website
The 『Additional content types』 drop down menu can be used to further limit results to a specific type of content.
Abstract / Summaries
Bibliographies
Catalogs
Encyclopedias
Handbooks
Legal articles
索引
Patent documents
Discographies
Legislation
Theses
Surveys
Reviews
Programmed texts
Filmographies
Directories
Statistics
Technical reports
Legal cases and case notes
Law reports and digests
Treaties
For each search field, the following indexes are searched (see more about indexes and which MARC fields are indexed in each in the Koha search indexes section below):
Search field |
Index searched |
|---|---|
Audience |
ta |
Content |
lf bio rtype |
Format |
ff7-01-02 |
Additional content types |
ctype |
Location and availability
The 『location and availability』 section allows you to limit your search further.
備註
In the OPAC, this section can be hidden with the OpacAdvSearchMoreOptions or the OpacAdvSearchOptions system preferences (uncheck the 『Location and availability』 option).
It is not possible to hide it in the staff interface.
The 『Limit to available items』 box can be checked to show only available items in the results.
警告
The 『Limit to available items』 option only removes items that are currently checked out. It does not remove items that are withdrawn, lost, or otherwise not for loan.
The 『Individual libraries』 drop down menu can be used to limit the search to a specific library.
If you have library groups that are selected to be search groups, they will appear under 『Groups of libraries』.
備註
By default, the location limit looks for the item’s home library. This can be changed with the SearchLimitLibrary system preference.
For each search field, the following indexes are searched (see more about indexes and which MARC fields are indexed in each in the Koha search indexes section below):
Search field |
Index searched |
|---|---|
Available items |
onloan |
Individual libraries or groups of libraries |
homebranch holdingbranch |
Sorting
Finally, you can choose how the results will be sorted.
備註
In the OPAC, this section can be hidden with the OpacAdvSearchMoreOptions or the OpacAdvSearchOptions system preferences (uncheck the 『Sorting』 option).
It is not possible to hide it in the staff interface.
The default sort is set in the defaultSortField and defaultSortOrder system preferences, but you can choose to sort by author, by title, by call number, by dates, or by popularity (which uses the information on total issues found in the items table).
Relevance: when using ElasticSearch, the relevance is calculated with the weight of fields and the number of occurrences of the search terms in each field.
Popularity: this sort uses the issues index, the number of issues for each item on a record.
Author: this sort uses the author index
Call number: this sort uses the cn-sort index, which is built using the classification scheme and the call number
Publication/Copyright date: this sort uses the date-of-publication index
Acquisition date: this sort uses the date-of-acquisition index
Title: this sort uses the title index
See more about indexes and which MARC fields are indexed in each in the Koha search indexes section below.
Search results
After performing a search the number of results found for your search will appear above the results.
There will also be a link to return to the advanced search screen to edit the search.
If the SavedSearchFilters system preference is enabled, there will also be a link to save the search as a search filter.
There is the possibility to search within results. This search box will take the query and add it as a limit to the previous search.
If StaffHighlightedWords is set to 『highlight』, the search term(s) will be highlighted in yellow with red text in every record. You can remove the highlighting by clicking the 『Unhighlight』 link at the top of the page.
備註
The highlighting does not represent where the search term was found in the record, it’s merely highlighting the string of characters everywhere it can be found on the page.
By default, search results will be sorted based on the OPACdefaultSortField and OPACdefaultSortOrder system preference values. To change this you can choose another sorting method from the drop down menu on the right.
Each search result is displayed in a table with bibliographic information in the left column and item information in the right column.
Under each title in the list, a series of values from the record’s leader will appear. It is important to note that this has nothing to do with the item types or collection codes assigned to the items, this data is all pulled from the record’s fixed fields. This can be turned on or off with the DisplayIconsXSLT system preference.
In the right column, the availability and information of the items attached to the record are displayed.
備註
Even if you filtered on one library, all libraries that hold the item will appear on the search results.
The availability of the items depends on their status. The following will appear as available:
Available (not checked out, no particular status)
On hold
An item’s hold status doesn’t not affect whether or not the item is 『available』 until the item is in 『waiting』 status. Items with on-shelf holds will show as available until a staff member has pulled them from the shelf and checked the item in to confirm the hold and put it aside as awaiting pick up.
The following will appear as unavailable:
Checked out
On hold, awaiting pick up
In transit
The availability of items is displayed only for the first twenty items in the record. This number can be changed with the MaxSearchResultsItemsPerRecordStatusCheck system preference.
If records have a lot of items, only twenty items will be displayed in the search results by default. This number can be changed with the maxItemsInSearchResults system preference.
If cover image-related Enhanced content system preferences are enabled, cover images will appear next to the search results.
Facets
To the left, there are filters, or facets, to refine your search.
Currently available facets include:
Availability
Authors
Item types
Locations
Places (geographic name headings)
Series
Topics (subject headings)
Collections (collection codes)
Home library, holding library or both
備註
This depends on your setting for the DisplayLibraryFacets system preference.
Titles (uniform title headings) (zebra only)
備註
When using Elasticsearch, it is possible to remove facets and reorder them from the search engine configuration page.
By default, facets are constructed using the first twenty records. You can customize this with the maxRecordsForFacets system preference.
If you want to show the number of records that correspond to each facet next to it, you can make it appear with the displayFacetCount system preference. Note that this number is dependent on the maxRecordsForFacets system preference.
When there are more than five facets in a category, a 『Show more』 link will appear. By default, this link will show up to twenty facets. You can change the maximum number of facets shown with the FacetMaxCount system preference.
By default, when facets are longer than twenty characters, will be truncated. You can change the number of character after which a facet is truncated with the FacetLabelTruncationLength system preference.
備註
When using Elasticsearch, facets are never truncated. This is only for Zebra users.
By default, facets in each category are ordered alphabetically. You can change the order with the FacetOrder system preference.
When using UNIMARC, the default separator for authors』 last and first names in the facets is a comma, but you can change this using the UNIMARCAuthorsFacetsSeparator system preference, if necessary.
備註
If you have any search filters, they will appear above the facets.
Actions on search results
Along the top, under the number of results, there are buttons to do different actions on selected records.
Select all: selects all the records on the page.
Clear all: unselects all the records that were selected.
Unhighlight: removes the red/yellow highlighting of the search term(s).
If StaffHighlightedWords is set to 『highlight』, the search term(s) will be highlighted in yellow with red text in every record. The 『Unhighlight』 link removes the highlighting.
Add to cart: adds selected record(s) to the cart.
備註
The intranetbookbag system preference needs to be set to 『Show』 in order for that button to appear.
Add to list: adds selected record(s) to the chosen list.
Place hold: places a hold on the selected record(s).
Browse selected records: goes to the detailed record page of the selected record(s). Clicking on 『Next』 or 『Previous』 from the detailed record will bring you to the next selected record.
備註
The BrowseResultSelection system preference needs to be enabled in order for that button to appear.
Z39.50/SRU search: opens the Z39.50/SRU search popup window with the fields pre-filled with the search terms.
Edit: batch edit, batch delete or merge selected records.
Sort: changes the sorting field and order. The options are the same as the ones described in the sorting section above.
備註
By default, search results will be sorted based on the defaultSortField and defaultSortOrder system preferences values.
Under each record, at the bottom, there are more action links:
Holds: links to that record’s 『Holds』 tab.
Recalls: links to that record’s 『Recalls』 tab.
Add to cart: adds this record to the cart.
備註
The intranetbookbag system preference needs to be set to 『Show』 in order for that link to appear.
Request article: links to that record’s 『Article requests』 tab.
Edit record: links to that record’s MARC framework for editing.
Edit items: links to that record’s item list for editing.
OPAC view: links to that record’s detail page in the OPAC.
備註
The 『OPAC view』 option needs the OPACBaseURL system preference to be properly set.
Search filters
Search filters are custom searches or filters that can be applied to search results.
This functionality is enabled on using the SavedSearchFilters system preference.
Adding search filters
Once the SavedSearchFilters system preference is enabled, there will be a new option on the search results page to create a new search filter from this search.
To create a new search filter:
Search the catalog from the staff interface basic search or advanced search.
Click 『Save search as filter』 at the top of the results.
A form will pop up.
Visibility
Show on OPAC: If checked, this search filter will be available on the OPAC.
Show in staff interface: If checked, this search filter will be available in the staff interface.
Name: Enter the name of the search filter. This name will appear to staff and OPAC user, depending on where this search filter is available.
Click 『Save』 next to the name field.
Search filters will be displayed before the facets in the search results page, in the staff interface or OPAC, depending on visibility.
All search filters can be managed in the search filter administration section.
Editing existing search filters
Once you have existing search filters, the way to edit them is basically the same as adding a new one, but you are replacing instead of adding
Search the catalog from the staff interface basic search or advanced search.
Click 『Save search as filter』 at the top of the results.
The form will pop up.
Choose which search filter to replace from the 『Replace existing search filter』 drop-down menu.
Click 『Replace』 next to the drop-down menu.
To further edit search filters, visit the search filter administration page.
Search history
If the EnableSearchHistory system preference set to keep the search history, you can access this information by clicking on your username in the top right of the staff interface and choosing 『Search history』.
From this page you will see your bibliographic search history
And your authority search history.
From the search history page, it is possible to relaunch a search by clicking on the search terms.
It is also possible to delete previous searches by selecting them and clicking on the 『Delete』 link at the top of the table.
Advanced search prefixes
以下的搜尋指令可以加在鍵詞搜尋盒的語彙之前，篩選傳回的資料
ti: 題名搜尋
如，ti:臺灣
su: 主題搜尋
如，su:美食
pb: 出版社搜尋
如，pb:遠景
au: 著者搜尋
如，au:張大春
su-geo: 地名主題
如，su-geo:雲林 and kw:人文 and kw:旅行
bc: 條碼
如，bc:502326000912
lex: lexile
層次 lex:510
Guide to searching
本章以圖表簡單介紹 MARC21 資料庫的組態，以及搜尋準則。此章描述的索引欄位與書目資料有關，不是權威資料庫的索引。
Zebra indexing
Koha 資料庫的索引使用 GPL 2.0 授權的 Zebra 自由軟體。Zebra 的官方文件稱：
「…Zebra 是高效能的通用結構化索引與搜尋引擎。可讀入多種格式的記錄 (如 email、XML、MARC 等) 經由強力組合的布林邏輯搜尋與關連排序自由文字詢問近用這些記錄。
Zebra supports large databases (tens of millions of records, tens of gigabytes of data). It allows safe, incremental database updates on live systems. Because Zebra supports the industry-standard information retrieval protocol, Z39.50, you can search Zebra databases using an enormous variety of programs and toolkits, both commercial and free, which understands this protocol…」 Zebra - User’s Guide and Reference, p. 1, https://software.indexdata.com/zebra/doc/idzebra.pdf
本章以圖表簡單介紹 MARC21 資料庫的組態，以及搜尋準則。此章描述的索引欄位與書目資料有關，不是權威資料庫的索引。
說明
本章以圖表簡單介紹 MARC21 資料庫的組態，以及搜尋準則。此章描述的索引欄位與書目資料有關，不是權威資料庫的索引。
Indexing configuration
Koha 索引時用到三個組態檔。
第一個組態檔 (etc/zebradb/biblios/etc/bib1.att)包括 Z39.50 bib-1 屬性清單，以及 Biblio Indexes、Items Index、Fixed Fields 與其他特殊索引的 Koha 在地屬性。Z39.50 Bib-1 profile 由數個屬性類型構成：Use、Relation、Position、Structure、Truncation、Completeness。bib-1 『Use』 屬性以圖表示；其他的屬性主要供搜尋之用。有 150 多種屬性供索引集合使用，幾乎不可能全部使用。其他五個屬性供進一步搜尋的設定之用，不在本文詳述。請參照在 http://www.loc.gov/z3950/agency/defns/bib1.html 的 Bib-1 attributes 詳情。
第二個檔案是 etc/zebradb/marc_defs/[marc21|unimarc]/biblios/record.abs 若您使用 grs1 索引 [the default until 3.16] 或 etc/zebradb/marc_defs/[marc21|unimarc]/biblios/biblio-koha-indexdefs.xml 若您使用 dom 索引 [3.18 的預設]。任何檔案都包括摘要語法對應至 MARC21 欄號設定至選定的 Use Attributes。為啟用更精準的 xml 檔案需轉換至 biblio-zebra-indexdefs.xsl，參見 biblio-zebra-indexdefs.xsl 標頭瞭解詳情。此檔案設定規則提供 Bath 第 0 層與第 1 層服務，包括著者、題名、主題、鍵詞與標準號碼的精準服務 (LCCN、ISBN、ISSN等)
第三個組態檔 (etc/zebradb/ccl.properties) 是通用指令語言欄位對應表。此檔案包括 bib-1 屬性集檔與摘要檔及新增限義詞，通常稱為索引名稱。此資料庫的限義詞或索引有：pn, cpn, cfn, ti, se, ut, nb, ns, sn,lcn, callnum, su, su-to, su-geo, su-ut, yr,pubdate, acqdate, ln, pl, ab, nt, rtype, mc-rtype, mus, au, su-na,kw, pb, ctype 與 an。
以 Koha 索引表 把前述三個檔案的內容歸納成可讀性較高的內容。前兩欄是 Z39.50 屬性與對應至 Z39.50 bib-1 屬性檔的 Z39.50 名稱。第三欄是指出各 MARC 欄號對應屬性的 MARC 欄號索引。第四欄內部 CCL 詢問搜尋縮寫的限義詞。接著的說明則定義 『限義詞』 的內容。
限義詞用於指引搜尋至特定的搜尋索引，如題名 (ti) 與著者索引 (au) 等。CCL 標準本身不指定限義詞的集合，但建議若干簡短的標記。使用者可以客製化 CCL 的剖析以支持特定的限義詞集合反應當前的目標群。習慣上，限義詞可能對映至 BIB-1 屬性集裡的特定使用者屬性。也可能設定其他的屬性，如結構屬性之類。
部份 MARC 的欄位，已經被指定特定的用途。包括：
祗有三位數的欄號 (如：100)，表示其所有的分欄均可被搜尋。因此，鍵入 『Jackson』 做為著者搜尋，實際上傳回以 Jackson 為姓或名的款目。
三位數的欄號跟著錢號 『$』 以及字母(600$a)，表示祗搜尋該字母 『a』 的分欄。
三位數的欄號跟著冒號 『:』 以及一個字母 (240:w)，表示可以篩選的搜尋。冒號後的字母表示搜尋的方式，最常見的有：』w』 (word)、』p』 (phrase)、』s』 (sort)、以及 『n』 (numeric)。
出現在表單的 MARC 欄號、分欄與固定欄位內容都是被索引的。每個屬性列並未對應至特定的限義詞 (索引) - 美國國會圖書館控制號，第九列是其中一例。然而，每個被索引的字 (前後空白的字串)，可以經由鍵詞 (kw) 搜尋。所以，儘管美國國會圖書館控制號並未被索引，仍可搜尋美國國會圖書館控制號因為欄位 010 指定給美國國會圖書館控制號屬性。確認的方法是，於搜尋盒鍵入 72180055。就會找到 Isaac Asimov 寫的 Ther gods themselves 一書。
在屬性 8822 與 8703內可看到索引的固定欄位細目內容。這些屬性係限制使用。目前的固定欄位屬性代表 BK 代碼。若有需要可定義其他的代碼格式。
Item search
可用館員介面的館藏搜尋引擎尋找特定的館藏。
Get there: Search > Item search
You can also access the item search from the link 『Go to item search』 at the top of the advanced search page in the staff client.
Either of those links will open up a item specific search engine.
Using the search form that is presented you can find a list of specific items that can be output to the screen, to a CSV file or to a barcode file.
You can add more search fields to this form by going to the item search fields section in the Administration module.
If your results are printed to the screen you will have the option to narrow your search further using filters at the top.
Common command language searching
Koha 以通用指令語言 (Common Command Language, CCL, ISO 8777) 做為內部搜尋協定。以圖形介面開始搜尋，搜尋者並不知道可用及使用的索引、運算元與限制。搜尋者知道搜尋索引的位置後，雖然可以使用進階搜尋，以取得更精準的結果；但很多圖書館的使用者及館員仍習慣使用命令的基本結構。本節文件說明 Koha 命令的基本結構，索引、運算元與限制在圖形介面裡，當成同一件事。
索引
CCL 標準本身並未指定特別的限義詞 (索引) 集合，祗建議若干簡短的標記，如：』ti』、』au』 與 『su』 等。Koha擁有自己的預設索引集合；使用者可以依據自身的需要新增必要的索引客製化它。限義詞 (索引) 以 Z39.50 Bib-1 屬性集對應至特定的使用-屬性。完整的 Z39.50 Bib-1 屬性參見 http://www.loc.gov/z3950/agency/defns/bib1.html。
標準的 Koha 索引集就是 MARC21 索引規則。Koha 定義的索引與其他圖書館自動化系統無異。Z39.50Bib-1 Attribute 對應的索引如下：
Bib-1 屬性 |
限義詞 (索引) |
|---|---|
Personal-name |
pn |
Corporate-name |
cpn |
Conference-name |
cfn |
題名 |
ti |
Title-series |
se |
Title-uniform |
ut |
ISBN |
nb |
ISSN |
ns |
本地編號 |
sn |
Local-classification |
lcn and callnum |
主題 |
su, su-to, su-geo, su-ut |
Pubdate |
yr,pubdate |
Date-of-Acquisition |
acqdate |
語言 |
ln |
Place-of-publication |
pl |
Abstract |
ab |
說明 |
nt |
Record-type |
rtype, mc-rtype, mus |
著者 |
au, aut |
Subject-person-name |
su-na |
Any (keyword) |
kw |
出版者 |
pb |
Content-type |
ctype |
Koha-Auth-Number |
an |
Author-personal-bibliography |
aub |
Author-in-order |
auo |
表單：屬性
參照至 Koha 索引圖表 <koha-search-indexes-label> 由 MARC21 欄號對映至每個 Bib-1 屬性與索引的組合。
Audience examples
aud:a 幼兒園
aud:b 小學
aud:c 青少年前期
aud:d 青少年
aud:e 成年人
aud:f 特別
aud:g 一般
aud:j 少年
Contents examples
fic:1 小說
fic:0 非小說
bio:b 傳記
mus:j 音樂錄音
mus:I 非音樂記錄
Search syntax
搜尋時，單字搜尋產生大量資料。以字串搜尋，則有效的縮小搜尋結果。Koha 自動使用 ‘and』 布林運算元取得精確的結果。使用布林運算元可縮小搜尋結果至指定的著者或題名或主題，沒有明確的方法可以達成此結果。當然，圖書館使用者可以使用進階搜尋頁面；若會使用通用指令語言指令，能更精準的找到資訊。
CCL 搜尋語法有一定的順序。雖然也可用於基本搜尋，但更適用於 進階搜尋，全面控制搜尋的結果。首先鍵入索引代碼，然後是等號，再來是搜尋的詞彙，以下是幾個範例。
ti=principles of accounting
au=brown joseph
su=poetry
su-na=Shakespeare
kw=marlin
以布林邏輯的交集 『and』、聯集 『or』 或差集 『not』 運算元，組合若干搜尋詞彙，篩選搜尋的結果。以下是使用布林邏輯運算元範例。
ti=principles of accounting and au=brown joseph
su=poetry not su-na=Shakespeare
kw=communication and su=debate
可以選擇搜尋開頭的字元或若字串
ti,first-in-subfield=C (will show you all titles that start with the letter 『C』)
以下的鍵詞可搜尋其他位置的內容：
rtrn : 右方截切
ltrn : 左方截切
lrtrn : 左右切截
st-date : 鍵入日期
st-numeric : 鍵入數字 (整數)
例如：正確搜尋整個分欄 (不包括 icu)
phr : 搜尋分欄的任何地方
startswithnt : 分欄的起始
特定的索引與布林邏輯運算元，祗是達成進階搜尋的方法之一。還可以把搜尋詞彙定義為字串，直接搜尋題名、著者或主題。它的語法是 index,phr=search words。
搜尋 『supreme court』 的結果，做為說明各種搜尋類型之用。此結果說明搜尋索引與用字順序對搜尋結果有不同程度的影響。在此例中祗解釋搜尋結果數與搜尋本身。此搜尋內容以單引號納入。
可以在搜尋裡使用限制詞。常用的限制詞包括日期、語文、記錄類型與館藏類型。在進階搜尋裡，您可按日期盒限制搜尋的範圍。同樣的限制也可以語法方式在以下的範例中納入 CCL。所有的
按日期：su=supreme court and yr,st-numeric=>2000
以時間限制時，可以使用 『>』 (大於)、』<』 (小於)、』=』 (等於)、或 『yyyy-yyyy』 (範圍) 等符號。
按館藏類型：su=nursing and itype:BK
每個圖書館在流通組態裡設定的館藏類型不儘相同。設定時，每個館藏類型都有自己的代碼與名稱。其名稱將顯示在進階搜尋頁面。代碼則適用於 CCL 搜尋限制，以 『itype:x』 型式出現，』x』 即為代碼。Koha 預設的館藏類型祗供參考，應該編輯它以反應真實的館藏，所以您的館藏限制應不同於初始的設定。初始的館藏類型限制詞如下。
itype:BKS 圖書、小冊子、練習簿
itype:SR 音樂卡帶、音樂 CD
itype:IR 圓圈裝
itype:CF CD-ROMs、DVD-ROMs、一般線上資源
itype:VR DVDs、VHS
itype:KT 多媒體組件
itype:AR 模型
itype:SER 連續性出版品
按格式：su=supreme court not l-format:sr
格式限制源自於 LDR、006 與 007 位置的內容。這些格式定義如下。
l-format:ta 正常列印
l-format:tb 大字本
l-format:fk 點字
l-format:sd 音樂光碟
l-format:ss 卡式錄音
l-format:vf VHS 錄影帶
l-format:vd DVD 錄影
l-format:co CD 軟體
l-format:cr 網站
按內容類型：su=supreme court not ctype:l
內容類型取自 MARC 欄位 008 的位址 24-27。
兩種限制類型不在本文件的範圍內。即讀者與內容。在 CCL 語法的不同祗在實際的限制詞。在此重置僅供您需要時使用。
Koha search indexes
Zebra
預設，Zebra 搜尋引擎並未索引全部欄位，祗索引大部份。以下是被 Zebra 索引的 MARC21 欄位。
欄位 |
說明 |
|---|---|
記錄標示/06 |
記錄類型，rtype |
記錄標示/07 |
Bib-level |
記錄標示/06-07 |
Material-type |
001 |
Control-number |
005 |
日期/時間-最後修正，dtlm，日期-時間-最後修正 |
007 |
Microform-generation:n:range(data,11,1), Material-type,ff7-00:w:range(data,0,1), ff7-01:w:range(data,1,1), ff7-02:w:range(data,2,1), ff7-01-02:w:range(data,0,2) |
008 |
date-entered-on-file:n:range(data,0,5), date-entered-on-file:s:range(data,0,5), pubdate:w:range(data,7,4), pubdate:n:range(data,7,4), pubdate:y:range(data,7,4), pubdate:s:range(data,7,4), pl:w:range(data,15,3), ta:w:range(data,22,1), ff8-23:w:range(data,23,1), ff8-29:w:range(data,29,1), lf:w:range(data,33,1), bio:w:range(data,34,1), ln:n:range(data,35,3), ctype:w:range(data,24,4), Record-source:w:range(data,39,0) |
010 |
LC-card-number, Identifier-standard |
011 |
LC-card-number, Identifier-standard |
015 |
BNB-card-number, BGF-number, Number-db, Number-natl-biblio, Identifier-standard |
017 |
Number-legal-deposit, Identifier-standard |
018 |
Identifier-standard |
020$a |
ISBN:w, Identifier-standard:w |
020 |
Identifier-standard |
022$a |
ISSN:w, Identifier-standard:w |
022 |
Identifier-standard |
023 |
Identifier-standard |
024$a |
Identifier-other |
024 |
Identifier-standard |
025 |
Identifier-standard |
027 |
Report-number, Identifier-standard |
028 |
Number-music-publisher, Identifier-standard |
030 |
CODEN, Identifier-standard |
034 |
Map-scale |
035 |
Other-control-number |
037 |
Identifier-standard, Stock-number |
040 |
Code-institution, Record-source |
041$a |
ln-audio |
041$h |
原文 |
041$j |
在副書名 |
041 |
ln |
043 |
Code-geographic |
050$b |
LC-call-number:w, LC-call-number:p, LC-call-number:s |
050 |
LC-call-number:w, LC-call-number:p, LC-call-number:s |
052 |
Geographic-class |
060 |
NLM-call-number |
070 |
NAL-call-number |
080 |
UDC-classification |
082 |
Dewey-classification:w, Dewey-classification:s |
086 |
Number-govt-pub |
100$9 |
Cross-Reference:w, Koha-Auth-Number |
100$a |
Author,Author:p, Author:s, Editor, Author-personal-bibliography, Author-personal-bibliography:p, Author-personal-bibliography:s |
100 |
Author, Author-title, Author-name-personal, Name, Name-and-title, Personal-name |
110$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
110 |
Author, Author-title, Author-name-corporate, Name, Name-and-title, Corporate-name |
111$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
111 |
Author, Author-title, Author-name-corporate, Name, Name-and-title, Conference-name |
130$n |
Thematic-number |
130$r |
Music-key |
130$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
130 |
Title, Title-uniform |
210 |
Title, Title-abbreviated |
211 |
Title, Title-abbreviated |
212 |
Title, Title-other-variant |
214 |
Title, Title-expanded |
222 |
Title, Title-key |
240$r |
Music-key |
240$n |
Thematic-number |
240 |
Title:w, Title:p, Title-uniform |
243$n |
Thematic-number |
243$r |
Music-key |
243 |
Title:w, Title:p, Title-collective |
245$a |
Title-cover:w, Title-cover:p, Title-cover:s, Title:w, Title:p, Title:s |
245$c |
Author, Author-in-order:w, Author-in-order:p, Author-in-order:s |
245$9 |
Cross-Reference:w, Koha-Auth-Number |
245 |
Title:w, Title:p |
246 |
Title, Title:p, Title-abbreviated, Title-expanded, Title-former |
247 |
Title, Title:p, Title-former, Title-other-variant, Related-periodical |
260$a |
pl:w, pl:p |
260$b |
Publisher:w, Publisher:p |
260$c |
copydate, copydate:s |
260 |
Provider, pl |
264 |
提供者 |
300 |
Extent:w, Extent:p |
400$a |
Name-and-title |
400$t |
Author-title, Name-and-title, Title, Title-series |
400$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
400 |
Author, Author-name-personal, Name, Personal-name |
410 |
Author, Corporate-name |
410$a |
Name-and-title |
410$t |
Author-title, Title, Title-series |
410$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
410 |
Author-name-corporate, Name |
411 |
Author, Conference-name |
411$a |
Name-and-title |
411$t |
Author-title, Title-series |
411 |
Author-name-corporate, Name |
440$a |
Title-series:w, Title-series:p |
440$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
440 |
Title-series:w, Title-series:p, Title, Title-series |
490$a |
Title-series:w, Title-series:p |
490 |
Title, Title-series |
490$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
500 |
Note:w, Note:p |
502 |
Material-type |
505$r |
著者 |
505$t |
題名 |
505 |
Note:w, Note:p |
510 |
Indexed-by |
520 |
Abstract:w, Abstract:p |
521$a |
lex:n |
526$c |
arl, arl:n |
526$d |
arp, arp:n |
590 |
Note:w, Note:p |
600$a |
Name-and-title, Name, Personal-name, Subject-name-personal, Subject |
600$t |
Name-and-title, Title, Subject |
600$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
600 |
Name, Personal-name, Subject-name-personal, Subject |
610$a |
Name-and-title |
610$t |
Name-and-title, Title |
610$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
610 |
Name, Subject, Corporate-name |
611 |
Conference-name |
611$a |
Name-and-title |
611$t |
Name-and-title, Title |
611$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
611 |
Name, Subject |
630$n |
Thematic-number |
630$r |
Music-key |
630$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
630 |
主題 |
650$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
650 |
Subject, Subject:p |
651$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
651 |
Name-geographic, Subject,Subject:p |
652$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
653$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
653 |
Subject, Subject:p |
654$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
654 |
主題 |
655$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
655 |
主題 |
656$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
656 |
主題 |
657$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
657 |
主題 |
690$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
690 |
Subject, Subject:p |
700$9 |
Cross-Reference, Koha-Auth-Number |
700$a |
Author, Author:p |
700$n |
Thematic-number |
700$r |
Music-key |
700$t |
Author-title, Name-and-title, Title, Title-uniform |
700 |
Author, Author-name-corporate, Author-name-personal, Name, Editor, Personal-name |
710 |
Author, Corporate-name |
710$t |
Author-title, Name-and-title, Title, Title-uniform |
710$a |
Name-and-title |
710$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
710 |
Author, Name |
711$a |
Name-and-title |
711$t |
Author-title, Title, Title-uniform |
711$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
711 |
Author-name-corporate, Name, Conference-name |
730$n |
Thematic-number |
730$r |
Music-key |
730$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
730 |
Title, Title-uniform |
740 |
Title, Title-other-variant |
773$t |
Host-item |
780$t |
題名 |
780$w |
記錄控制號 |
780 |
Title, Title-former, Related-periodical |
785$w |
記錄控制號 |
785 |
Related-periodical |
787$w |
記錄控制號 |
800$a |
Name-and-title |
800$t |
Author-title, Name-and-title, Title, Title-series |
800$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
800 |
Author, Author-name-personal, Name, Personal-name |
810$a |
Name-and-title |
810$t |
Author-title, Name-and-title, Title, Title-series |
810$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
810 |
Author, Corporate-name, Author-name-corporate, Name |
811$a |
Name-and-title |
811$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
811$t |
Author-title, Name-and-title, Title, Title-series |
811 |
Author, Author-name-corporate, Name, Conference-name |
830$9 |
Koha-Auth-Number |
830 |
Title, Title-series |
840 |
Title, Title-series |
942$0 |
totalissues:n, totalissues:s |
942$2 |
cn-bib-source |
942$6 |
cn-bib-sort:n, cn-bib-sort:s |
942$c |
itemtype:w |
942$n |
Suppress:w, Suppress:n |
942$h |
cn-class |
942$i |
cn-item |
942$k |
cn-prefix |
942$m |
cn-suffix |
952$0 |
withdrawn:n, withdrawn:w |
952$1 |
lost, lost:n |
952$2 |
classification-source |
952$3 |
materials-specified |
952$4 |
damaged:n, damaged:w |
952$5 |
restricted:n, restricted:w |
952$6 |
cn-sort:n, cn-sort:s |
952$7 |
notforloan:n, notforloan:w |
952$8 |
ccode |
952$9 |
itemnumber:n, itemnumber:s |
952$a |
homebranch |
952$b |
holdingbranch |
952$c |
位置 |
952$d |
Date-of-acquisition, Date-of-acquisition:d, Date-of-acquisition:s |
952$e |
acqsource |
952$f |
coded-location-qualifier |
952$g |
price |
952$j |
stack:n, stack:w |
952$l |
issues:n, issues:w, issues:s |
952$m |
renewals:n, renewals:w |
952$n |
reserves:n, reserves:w |
952$o |
Local-classification:w, Local-classification:p, Local-classification:s |
952$p |
barcode, barcode:n |
952$q |
onloan:n, onloan:w |
952$r |
datelastseen |
952$s |
datelastborrowed |
952$t |
copynumber |
952$u |
uri:u |
952$v |
replacementprice |
952$w |
replacementpricedate |
952$y |
itype:w |
952$z |
Note:w, Note:p |
999$c |
Local-Number:n, Local-Number:w, Local-Number:s |
999$d |
biblioitemnumber:n, biblioitemnumber:w, biblioitemnumber:s |
表單：索引
Elasticsearch indexes
The indexes for elasticsearch are available in the mappings.yaml file in :: admin/searchengine/elasticsearch.
They are copied here for easier reference.
Bibliographic record indexes
MARC21 bibliographic indexes
Index name |
MARC fields |
|---|---|
abstract |
520 |
acqsource |
952$e |
arl |
526$c |
arp |
526$d |
author |
100$a |
110$a |
|
111$a |
|
245$c |
|
700$a |
|
author-in-order |
245$c |
author-name-corporate |
110 |
111 |
|
711 |
|
810 |
|
811 |
|
author-name-personal |
100 |
400 |
|
700 |
|
800 |
|
author-personal-bibliography |
100$a |
author-title |
100 |
110 |
|
111 |
|
400$t |
|
410$t |
|
411$t |
|
700$t |
|
710$t |
|
711$t |
|
800$t |
|
810$t |
|
811$t |
|
barcode |
952$p |
bgf-number |
015 |
bib-level |
leader/7 |
biblioitemnumber |
999$d |
bio |
008/34 |
bnb-card-number |
015 |
ccode |
952$8 |
classification-source |
952$2 |
cn-bib-sort |
942$6 |
cn-bib-source |
942$2 |
cn-class |
942$h |
cn-item |
942$i |
cn-prefix |
942$k |
cn-sort |
952$6 |
cn-suffix |
942$m |
code-geographic |
043 |
code-institution |
040 |
coded-location-qualifier |
952$f |
coden |
030 |
conference-name |
111 |
411 |
|
611 |
|
711 |
|
811 |
|
control-number |
001 |
copydate |
260$c |
copynumber |
952$t |
corporate-name |
110 |
410 |
|
610 |
|
710 |
|
810 |
|
cross-reference |
100$9 |
245$9 |
|
700$9 |
|
ctype |
008/24-27 |
curriculum |
658$a $b $c |
damaged |
952$4 |
date-entered-on-file |
008/00-05 |
date-of-acquisition |
952$d |
date-of-publication |
008/07-10 |
date-time-last-modified |
005 |
datelastborrowed |
952$s |
datelastseen |
952$r |
dewey-classification |
082 |
dissertation-information |
502 |
editor |
100$a |
700 |
|
extent |
300 |
ff7-00 |
007/00 |
ff7-01 |
007/01 |
ff7-01-02 |
007/00-01 |
ff7-02 |
007/02 |
ff8-23 |
008/23 |
ff8-29 |
008/29 |
geographic-class |
052 |
holdingbranch |
952$b |
homebranch |
952$a |
host-item |
773$a $t |
host-item-number |
773$9 |
identifier-other |
024$a |
identifier-publisher-for-music |
028 |
identifier-standard |
010 |
011 |
|
015 |
|
017 |
|
018 |
|
020$a |
|
022$a |
|
index-term-genre |
655$a |
index-term-uncontrolled |
653$a |
indexed-by |
510 |
interest-age-level |
521$a |
interest-grade-level |
521$a |
isbn |
020$a |
issn |
022$a |
issues |
952$l |
itemnumber |
952$9 |
itemtype |
942$c |
952$y |
|
koha-auth-number |
100$9 |
110$9 |
|
111$9 |
|
130$9 |
|
245$9 |
|
400$9 |
|
410$9 |
|
440$9 |
|
490$9 |
|
600$9 |
|
610$9 |
|
611$9 |
|
630$9 |
|
648$9 |
|
650$9 |
|
651$9 |
|
652$9 |
|
653$9 |
|
654$9 |
|
655$9 |
|
656$9 |
|
657$9 |
|
662$9 |
|
690$9 |
|
691$9 |
|
696$9 |
|
697$9 |
|
698$9 |
|
699$9 |
|
700$9 |
|
710$9 |
|
711$9 |
|
730$9 |
|
751$9 |
|
796$9 |
|
797$9 |
|
797$9 |
|
798$9 |
|
799$9 |
|
800$9 |
|
810$9 |
|
811$9 |
|
830$9 |
|
896$9 |
|
897$9 |
|
898$9 |
|
899$9 |
|
原文 |
041$h |
lc-call-number |
050$b |
lc-card-number |
010 |
011 |
|
lexile-number |
521$a |
lf |
008/33 |
llength |
leader/00-04 |
ln |
008/35-37 |
ln-audio |
041$a |
在副書名 |
041$j |
local-classification |
952$o |
local-number |
999$c |
位置 |
952$c |
lost |
952$1 |
map-scale |
034 |
material-type |
007 |
materials-specified |
952$3 |
microform-generation |
007/11 |
music-key |
130$r |
240$r |
|
243$r |
|
630$r |
|
700$r |
|
730$r |
|
nal-call-number |
070 |
name |
100 |
110 |
|
111 |
|
400 |
|
600$a |
|
610 |
|
611 |
|
700 |
|
710 |
|
711 |
|
800 |
|
810 |
|
811 |
|
name-and-title |
100 |
110 |
|
111 |
|
400$a $t |
|
410$a |
|
411$a |
|
600$a $t |
|
610$a $t |
|
611$a $t |
|
700$t |
|
710$a $t |
|
711$a |
|
800$a $t |
|
810$a $t |
|
811$a $t |
|
name-geographic |
651 |
751$a |
|
nlm-call-number |
060 |
not-onloan-count |
999$x |
note |
500 |
505 |
|
590 |
|
952$z |
|
notforloan |
952$7 |
number-db |
015 |
number-govt-pub |
086 |
number-legal-deposit |
017 |
number-local-acquisition |
952$i |
number-natl-biblio |
015 |
onloan |
952$q |
other-control-number |
035 |
personal-name |
100 |
400 |
|
600$a |
|
700 |
|
800 |
|
pl |
008/15-17 |
price |
952$g |
provider |
260 |
264 |
|
publisher |
260$b |
reading-grade-level |
521$a |
record-control-number |
770$w |
772$w |
|
773$w |
|
774$w |
|
775$w |
|
776$w |
|
777$w |
|
780$w |
|
785$w |
|
787$w |
|
800$w |
|
810$w |
|
811$w |
|
830$w |
|
record-source |
008/39 |
related-periodical |
247 |
780 |
|
785 |
|
renewals |
952$m |
replacementprice |
952$v |
replacementpricedate |
952$w |
report-number |
027 |
reserves |
952$n |
restricted |
952$5 |
rtype |
leader/06 |
stack |
952$j |
stock-number |
037 |
su-geo |
651$a |
subject |
600$a |
600$t |
|
610$a |
|
611 |
|
630$n |
|
630$r |
|
650$a |
|
650$b |
|
650$c |
|
650$d |
|
650$v |
|
650$x |
|
650$y |
|
650$z |
|
651 |
|
653$a |
|
subject-name-personal |
600$a |
suppress |
942$n |
ta |
008/22 |
thematic-number |
130$n |
240$n |
|
243$n |
|
630$n |
|
700$n |
|
730$n |
|
title |
130 |
210 |
|
211 |
|
212 |
|
214 |
|
222 |
|
240 |
|
245$a |
|
246 |
|
247 |
|
490$a |
|
505$t |
|
700$t |
|
710$t |
|
711$t |
|
730 |
|
740 |
|
780 |
|
785 |
|
title-abbreviated |
210 |
211 |
|
246 |
|
title-cover |
245$a |
title-expanded |
214 |
246 |
|
title-former |
246 |
247 |
|
780 |
|
title-key |
222 |
title-later |
785 |
title-other-variant |
212 |
247 |
|
740 |
|
title-series |
440$a |
490$a |
|
title-uniform |
130 |
240 |
|
700$t |
|
710$t |
|
711$t |
|
730 |
|
totalissues |
942$9 |
udc-classification |
080 |
uri |
952$u |
withdrawn |
952$0 |
UNIMARC bibliographic indexes
Index name |
MARC fields |
|---|---|
author |
200$f |
200$g |
|
700$a |
|
701 |
|
700$a |
|
bio |
105$a/12 |
ccode |
995$8 |
ctype |
105$a/04-07 |
date-entered-on-file |
099$c |
date-of-acquisition |
995$5 |
date-of-publication |
100$a/09-12 |
date-time-last-modified |
099$d |
ff8-29 |
105$a/08 |
holdingbranch |
995$c |
homebranch |
995$b |
host-item-number |
461$9 |
identifier-standard |
010$a $z |
011$a $y $z |
|
isbn |
010$a $z |
issn |
011$a $y $z |
itemnumber |
995$9 |
itype |
200$b |
995$r |
|
lc-card-number |
995$j |
lf |
105$a/11 |
ln |
101$a |
local-classification |
686 |
995$k |
|
local-number |
001 |
位置 |
995$e |
not-onloan-count |
999$x |
notforloan |
995$o |
onloan |
995$n |
publisher |
210$c |
su-geo |
607$a |
subject |
600 |
600$a |
|
601 |
|
602 |
|
604 |
|
605 |
|
606 |
|
607 |
|
608 |
|
610 |
|
suppress |
955$n |
ta |
100$a/17 |
title |
200$a |
200$c |
|
200$d |
|
200$e |
|
200$h |
|
200$i |
|
205 |
|
304$a |
|
327$a |
|
327$b |
|
327$c |
|
327$d |
|
327$e |
|
327$f |
|
327$g |
|
327$h |
|
327$i |
|
328$t |
|
410$t |
|
411$t |
|
412$t |
|
413$t |
|
421$t |
|
422$t |
|
423$t |
|
424$t |
|
425$t |
|
430$t |
|
431$t |
|
432$t |
|
433$t |
|
434$t |
|
435$t |
|
436$t |
|
437$t |
|
440$t |
|
441$t |
|
442$t |
|
443$t |
|
444$t |
|
445$t |
|
446$t |
|
447$t |
|
448$t |
|
451$t |
|
452$t |
|
453$t |
|
454$t |
|
455$t |
|
456$t |
|
461$t |
|
462$t |
|
463$t |
|
464$t |
|
470$t |
|
481$t |
|
482$t |
|
488$t |
|
title-series |
225$a |